Sheldon Adelson might be the best example of the American Dream of all time. You've heard the term "rags to riches"? Sheldon famously scoffed at that description because his family couldn't even afford rags. He grew up in a poor neighborhood in Boston, in a two-room flat sleeping on the floor. His father was an immigrant taxi driver. As a child, Adelson worked as a paperboy to help support his struggling family. After dropping out of college, he earned minimum wage as a court reporter before joining the army. After the army, he proceeded to launch 50 different businesses and career attempts, including stints selling magazine ads, windshield de-icers, and as a door-to-door toiletry salesman. Sheldon died yesterday at the age of 87. At the time of his death, he owned the largest casino empire on the planet with massive resorts spanning the globe, from Las Vegas to Macau.
At the time of his death, Sheldon Adelson's net worth was $40 billion. At times he was one of the 15 richest people in the world. He was by far the richest person in Las Vegas and Nevada overall.
How exactly did Sheldon Adelson transform himself from a poor paperboy to one of the richest people on the planet? Losing nearly his entire fortune then recovering, not once BUT TWICE… You’re about to find out.
Sheldon Adelson – Rags to Riches Story /Ethan Miller/Getty Images
Born in Poverty
Sheldon Adelson was born on August 4, 1933, in the Dorchester area of Boston. His father was an immigrant from Lithuania who drove a taxi. His mother worked in a knitting shop. Adelson's dad, who only had a sixth-grade education, eventually ran a trade publication for taxi drivers.
Adelson's first job, like many American kids, was a paper route. By the time he was 12 years old, this budding entrepreneur already owned his own business selling toiletries.
In the 1950s, Adelson attended the City College of New York, majoring in corporate finance, but dropped out after less than two years. After dropping out of college, he briefly attended a trade school that helped him get a job as a court reporter. He then joined the Army. When his obligations with the Army were over, Sheldon took a job as a mortgage broker and investment advisor. In the early 1960s, he took the money he made on Wall Street and moved back to Boston, where he shrewdly invested in a number of businesses.
Early Success
By the time Sheldon reached the age of 35 in 1968, he managed to build up a personal fortune of roughly $5 million ($33 million in today's dollars). Unfortunately, thanks to a few failed business ventures and a declining stock market, Sheldon lost his entire fortune. TWICE. Thankfully, these temporary setbacks did not slow him down.
In the early 1970s, Sheldon jumped on the trend of converting apartment buildings into condominiums in Boston. He did very well for a while, but then the condo market took a dive. At this point, Adelson was adrift and depressed. The drastic ups and downs of his fortunes were taking a serious toll mentally and physically. But, despite these setbacks, Sheldon was still actively on the hunt for the next big thing. In an effort to find a more stable income stream, he soon bought a company that published magazines. One of those magazines was a computer publication called "Data Communications User."
One day, while attending a trade show for his condo business, Sheldon had a life-changing epiphany: If the computer industry was big enough to necessitate its own devoted magazine, could it also benefit from a trade show of its very own?
Decades later, that would turn out to be a $40 billion dollar epiphany.
Sheldon Adelson – Rags to Riches Story / PHILIPPE LOPEZ/AFP/GettyImages
COMDEX
In 1973, Sheldon and some partners put together what was likely the world's first computer-related trade show. Even though the event was just modest, Sheldon was convinced that both computers and trade shows were the future. Adelson quickly liquidated his entire condo business and publishing company to dive full speed into the trade show business.
In 1979, Adelson launched what would become his golden ticket: The Computer Dealers Expo (COMDEX) which was held at the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas. The timing was perfect. Not only was public interest in personal computers beginning to take off, but Las Vegas was starting to become known as the go-to destination for a fun and debaucherous weekend. In other words, it wasn't all that hard to lure a bunch of computer enthusiasts to spend the weekend partying in Las Vegas for "work".
At this period in time, IBM, Apple, and Microsoft were starting their rapid growth, and Adelson gave them a crucial early forum to showcase their products to both consumers and companies. Over the next decade, COMDEX grew into a behemoth for the computer industry. COMDEX quickly became the largest trade show in Las Vegas, grossing $20 million per year for Sheldon ($40 million in today's dollars).
It is important to understand just how huge COMDEX was for the personal computer industry and the city of Las Vegas. I grew up in Las Vegas, and the frenzy surrounding COMDEX in the 1980s was like the frenzy surrounding Comic Con today. This was THE TICKET of the year to get in Las Vegas.
By the late 80s, as COMDEX was printing money, the trade show had become so enormous that Adelson wanted to host it in his own event space (rather than renting from others). Adelson began looking for a hotel property to buy in Las Vegas.
Casino Mogul
In 1988, Adelson and his partners bought the legendary Sands Hotel and Casino, (the former hangout of Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack) for $128 million. Adelson redeveloped the property, adding a shopping mall (they were not ubiquitous in Casinos back then), and eventually a convention center which soon became the host of the annual COMDEX trade show.
During a 1991 trip to Italy, Adelson found himself enchanted with the canals and architecture of Venice. He soon began dreaming of a giant hotel-casino-resort modeled after Venice on the Las Vegas Strip.
In 1995, Adelson sold COMDEX for $862 million. His personal windfall from the sale was $500 million. With a half billion dollars in the bank and a $1.5 billion line of credit, Sheldon shed his partnerships and various other business interests and set out to build the Venetian Resort Hotel and Casino. He demolished the Sands Hotel and built his dream resort which opened in 1999. The entire resort was essentially built to attract business visitors. Every room was a suite. The casino floor had the same square-footage of TWO football fields. Everything screamed luxury.
The Venetian featured a massive attached convention center and was the first all-suites hotel in Las Vegas. As you probably could guess, The Venetian was an instant smash hit. Within a few years, Adelson and the Las Vegas Sands Corp were operating six casinos around the world, including a location in Macau which is one of the largest buildings in the world.
Adelson took Las Vegas Sands public in 2004 under the ticker LVS. The IPO made him a billionaire overnight, officially for the first time. Over the next 12 months, Sheldon's net worth grew by $1 million PER HOUR, every hour, including weekends, nights, and holidays. Today, the Las Vegas Sands Corp is the largest casino company in the world with annual revenues of more than $13 billion. Adelson remains the company's Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. Thanks largely to his 52.3% ownership stake in the company, Sheldon Adelson's personal net worth today is $40 billion.
But like most of Sheldon's business ventures, even the Las Vegas Sands Corp has experienced its share of ups and downs. When the economy tanked in 2008, Las Vegas tourism was obliterated. The trade show industry was especially hard hit.
The low point was March of 2009 when the price of a single share of LVS stock hit an all-time low of $1.70. Just 16 months earlier, LVS shares peaked at $140. That's a 98.8% drop in value. Adelson saw his wealth plunge from $30 billion to less than $2 billion. Things got so bad that the company came literally within an inch of being forced into bankruptcy. As a last resort, Adelson invested $1 billion of his own personal cash to help the company get through the
